Molecular Mechanism Underlying Ca²⁺/Calmodulin Dependent Protein Kinase Kinase (CaMKK) Signal Transduction

An in-depth review of CaMKK signaling, including structural, regulatory, and functional insights into its activation, downstream effects, and implications for disease.

DFGmodel: Predicting Protein Kinase Structure in Inactive States for Structure-based Discovery of Type-II Inhibitors

Notes on 2014 ACS paper introducing DFGmodel, a computational approach to predict kinase inactive structures for type-II inhibitor discovery. Includes insights on DFG-flip and kinase conformational analysis.

Regulation of Protein Kinases: Activation Segment Conformation and Functional Control

Notes on 2004 Molecular Cell review analyzing how activation segment conformation regulates protein kinase activity, including insights into RD pocket, anchor residues, and alternative activation mechanisms.

Regulatory Modules: Coupling Protein Stability to Phosphorylation during Cell Division

Notes on 2012 FEBS Review about how phosphorylation controls protein stability via phosphodegrons and phospho-inhibited degrons, integrating ubiquitin-mediated degradation in cell cycle regulation.

Protein Grabs a Ligand by Extending Anchor Residues: Ca²⁺ Binding Mechanism of Calmodulin

Notes on 2005 Biophysical Journal article analyzing atomistic pathways of Ca²⁺ binding to calmodulin, highlighting stepwise binding, dehydration coupling, and residue dynamics.

Protein Interaction Kinetics Delimit Phosphorylation-Driven Protein Switches

Notes on 2024_ACS paper discussing the kinetic and structural principles of phosphorylation-driven protein switches and their biosensor applications.

Strong Links Are Important, but Weak Links Stabilize Them — The Role of Weak Links in Complex Systems

Notes on 2004 Elsevier article discussing how weak links stabilize complex networks, with insights into phosphorylation, metabolic flux, and protein folding.

Graded Enhancement of p53-CBP Interaction by Multisite Phosphorylation

Notes on 2010_PNAS study exploring how multisite phosphorylation of p53 modulates its interaction with CBP and transcriptional activation.

Protein Kinases: Evolution of Dynamic Regulatory Proteins

Notes on 2010 Cell Review article exploring the structural and evolutionary principles that shape the dynamic regulatory mechanisms of protein kinases.

The Conformational Plasticity of Protein Kinases

Notes on 2002 Cell review discussing conformational plasticity of protein kinases, highlighting key structural elements, activation mechanisms, and pseudosubstrate regulation. Includes insights on αC helix, activation loop, and therapeutic implications (e.g., Gleevec binding).

F-Helix as a Structural Scaffold for Active Protein Kinase Assembly

Notes on 2008_PNAS paper revealing F-helix as a hub for regulatory and catalytic spine anchoring in protein kinases.

AKAP Signaling Complexes: Focal Points in Space and Time

Comprehensive notes on AKAPs as molecular scaffolds that regulate spatial and temporal signaling by anchoring PKA and other enzymes, enabling precise phosphorylation events in response to cellular stimuli.

CASK Functions as a Mg²⁺-Independent Neurexin Kinase

The study redefines CASK as an active Mg²⁺-independent kinase that phosphorylates neurexin, integrating scaffolding and enzymatic functions, challenging its previous classification as a pseudokinase.

Intrinsically Disordered Regions Are Poised to Act as Sensors of Cellular Chemistry

Notes on the 2023 TIBS review proposing that intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs), with their sequence-dependent structural biases, are well-suited to act as sensors and actuators of cellular physicochemistry. Discusses physical principles, molecular mechanisms, and experimental strategies for investigating IDR sensitivity and highlights their potential biological roles.

Single-Molecule Spectroscopy Reveals Polymer Effects of Disordered Proteins in Crowded Environments

Notes on the 2014 PNAS paper using single-molecule FRET to analyze the conformational response of intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) to molecular crowding. Highlights how IDP compaction depends not only on crowder concentration but also on crowder size, challenging traditional crowding models and introducing polymer-specific effects.

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